fundamentals

• Russ's course on OrhanErgun
• RINA model = Recursive InterNet[work] Architecture (application, host, interface level):
• multiplexing - managing shared resource; involves addressing
• marshaling - making data intelligible; dictionary + grammar
• error control - finding and fixing errors
• flow control - pacing communications

• U/L bit - Universal(Unique)/Local - 7th bit
• I/G bit - Individual(unicast)/Group(multicast) - 8th bit
• these are at the beginning so they are transmitted first (Ethernet transmits the octet backwards)
• IPv6 nibble boundary - /4
• v6 multicast scope not used in the production to prevent leaking multicast info
• tunneling - encapsulation of a lower layer PDU into higher layer
• shared fate
• DPDK = Data Plane Development Kit
• middlebox
• Hamming codes and other error correction codes are rare in protocol implementations cause its cheaper network and processing wise to retransmit
• what problem does the protocol solve
• SID = Session ID, five tuple (srcip, dstip, srcport, dstport, protocol number)
• CUBIT TCP - most widely implemented
• app can see the network as a socket/queue (ftp), function call (grpc = google remote procedure call) or memory space (rdma = remote direct memory access)
• mmu = memory management unit